bogus charges land one man in jail

Hamza Mammadli, 33, was sentenced to six years on January 7, 2025, on spurious terrorism and calls against the state charges, the charges Mammadli denies.

Mammadli, a German citizen of Azerbaijani origin, received asylum in Germany in 2015 and German citizenship in 2022. He traveled to Azerbaijan in 2023 for his wedding and was arrested at the airport. 

Mammadli’s charges were linked to a botched assassination attempt against then-mayor of Ganja Elmar Valiyev in 2018 and what the prosecutor’s office alleged Mammadli wrote about the events on social media, specifically a comment Mammadli has written under a post by satirical online platform Hamam Times. During his defense, Mammadli said he had nothing to do with the person who was later arrested for assassinating the then-mayor.

Upon arriving in Azerbaijan in 2023, Mammadli was arrested at the airport, where he was informed there was an arrest warrant issued in 2018. 

The Azerbaijani government actively monitors social media platforms to track dissent and control the narrative surrounding its policies. This surveillance includes scrutinizing posts by activists, journalists, and ordinary citizens. Authorities have been known to arrest individuals based on their online activities, especially when content is deemed critical of the government. 

The government’s concern over criticisms shared on social media stems from the platform’s ability to rapidly disseminate information and mobilize public opinion. In a country where traditional media is often state-controlled, social media serves as a crucial space for free expression and opposition discourse. Criticism on these platforms can challenge the government’s image, expose corruption, and inspire collective action, which the authorities perceive as threats to their control and stability.

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the arrest of activists and journalists in Azerbaijan on charges such as smuggling or incitement, which many international observers view as attempts to suppress free speech and political opposition. 

arrests targeting independent online news outlet Meydan TV [updated June 2025]

In its official statement released on 6 December 2024, Meydan TV disclosed the sudden detention of seven collaborators—including staff reporters and freelancers. Homes were searched, personal belongings seized, and equipment confiscated. The detainees, charged with “smuggling foreign currency,” included Ramin Jabrayilzade (Deko), Aytaj Ahmadova (Tapdig), Aynur Ganbarova (Elgunesh), Natig Javadli, Khayala Aghayeva, Aysel Umudova, and Ulvi Tahirov. Meydan TV rejected the accusations as “illegal” and groundless, describing the arrests as a continuation of longstanding persecution, including surveillance, travel bans, Pegasus spyware attacks, and prolonged cyber censorship.

On 8 December, the Khatai District Court ordered four-month pretrial detention for the detained Meydan TV journalists. In adjacent developments, a freelance photojournalist, Ahmed Mukhtar, was briefly held on hooliganism charges and fined 20 days. Since then, their pretrial detention periods have been extened, most recently in June 2025. 

In February 2025, the crackdown expanded. Several other freelance journalists inlcuding Nurlan Gahramanli (“Nurlan Libre”), Shamshad Agha, editor of Argument.az and collaborator with Meydan TV, and Fatima Mövlamli, another Meydan TV freelance journalist, were arrested on similar accusations.

In May, Ulviyya Ali, a VOA correspondent (not Meydan TV staff but targeted in the same campaign), was arrested in a home raid and accused of currency smuggling. She became the 11th journalist arrested in relation to the “Meydan TV case”. 

Below are the names of journalists targeted thus far: 

Aynur Elgunash

Aysel Umudova

Aytaj Ahmadova

Fatima Movlamli

Khayala Aghayeva

Natig Javadli

Nurlan Libre

Ramin Jabrailzada

Shamshad Aghayev

Ulvi Tahirov

Ulviyya Ali

authorities arrest another government critic

Famil Khalilov, 34, is Azerbaijani civic activist who was arrested on May 2, 2024. Khalilov was extradited from Sweden in 2023 and since then, lived in Azerbaijan together with his wife and three children. The activist suffers from cerebral palsy and is officially classified with a first degree disability. Authorities however accuse the activist of drug trafficking, the allegation the activist, his lawyer and spouse refute. 

If convicted, Khaliov could face anywhere from five to twelve years behind bars. 

Khalilov often criticized the state on social media.

Authorities in Azerbaijan often resort to offline punitive measures against online critics. 

On May 6, Khalilov’s lawyer Bahruz Bayramov said, the activist was transferred to a medical unit at the detention facility due to deterioration of Khalilov’s health.  

another wave of arrests targets online news platform

On March 6, police stormed the office of Toplum TV, an online news platform in Baku. While the office was searched, the police questioned some fifteen staff members. Among those detained were interns and the tech team. While nine were released after questioning, at least six other journalists were sent to pre-trial custody on bogus smuggling charges.

Shortly after detention, social media accounts belonging to Toplum TV were compromised. 

As a result, all 3600 videos on Toplum TV’s YouTube channel were deleted.  

Previously Toplum TV’s Facebook page was hacked via SMS interception. 

editor of two websites appears in court [updated February 24, 2025]

[Update] On February 24, 2025, Baghirov was sentenced to 12 years in prison and a three-year ban on doing journalism. 

According to local media reports, SalamNews and InterAz founder and editor Matlab Baghirov appeared in court on February 27, 2024. He has been in pretrial detention since January 31, 2023.

According to pro-government media, Baghirov was accused of operating an Iranian spy network. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed these allegations in an interview with Abzas Media in February 2023, saying the arrests were part of the “special operation against an Iranian spy network.”

“They carried out propaganda in favor of Iran through social networks, abused the freedom of religion in Azerbaijan, and carried out the tasks of the Iranian special services in order to undermine the traditions of tolerance formed in the country,” Elshad Hajiyev, the head of the ministry’s public relations department, told AbzasMedia in February 2023. 

In total, some 39 individuals were rounded up, including Baghirov, as a result of the operation. 

The Ministry of the Interior also said the group was engaged in acts of provocation and disruption under the guise of religion. 

The arrests took place at a time, when relations between Iran and Azerbaijan were at their lowest following an armed attack on an Azerbaijani embassy in the capital of Iran on January 27, 2023. As a result, one embassy security personnel was killed and two others were injured. 

Azerbaijan described the attack as a terrorist act and issued a warning to Azerbaijani nationals not to travel to Iran unless necessary. 

The investigation against Baghirov was finalized on February 20, 2024. 

blogger arrested [update March 3, 2025]

[Update] On March 3, 2025, Sayadoglu was sentenced to seven years. 

Arzu Sayadoglu, known as a blogger who often critiques the state officials and the government, was reportedly arrested on January 28, 2024. According to family and friends, the blogger first went missing after an interview with an opposition YouTube channel, AzadSoz. It was announced two days later that the blogger was arrested and sent into pre-trial detention.

Meydan TV reported that the blogger was sentenced to four months in pre-trial detention and charged with extortion.

Insufficient and outdated infrastructure causes internet disruptions [January 15 – 25]

In Azerbaijan’s southern region of Lenkoran, residents complained of power cuts. According to reporting by Meydan TV, heavy snowfall in the area since January 14 caused power cuts and disruptions to access to telecommunications across several villages and in the city itself. In one village, there was no internet for a week after the snowfall, residents told Meydan TV. The disruptions have not stopped the ISPs from charging their customers the usual package rate. Officials, including the state energy company Azerisiq, blamed disruptions and access issues on the heavy snowfall, which damaged multiple electricity cables.

After four days of power cuts, residents of Ürgə village protested, blocking the main roads. One village resident who spoke to Meydan TV said more than 350 homes were left without electricity for four days.

Local officials refuted claims of any protests. According to reports by residents, the power was restored shortly after the residents staged the protest.

A court blocks access to Kanal 13 YouTube channel [updated November 27]

[Update] On November 27, Kanal13 online television’s director Aziz Orucov was released from custody. Orucov’s sentence ended on November 27, and he was released from Penal Institution No. 16 under the Ministry of Justice.

A court in Baku ruled to block access to the YouTube channel of Kanal13 on December 20, 2023.

Kanal13’s director, Aziz Orucov, was detained in November 2023. A former political prisoner [he was sentenced to six years in 2017 but released on parole a year later], Orucov, was first detained on bogus property rights violations. The charges against Orucov were changed the following month. According to reports, the journalist was accused of smuggling.

On December 11, the court ordered the blocking of the outlet on the grounds the outlet spread false, insulting, defamatory, and discrediting information about state officials and others. The website of Kanal13 was blocked in 2017 during a wave of blocking that targeted several independent and opposition media outlets’ websites. They remain blocked at the time of documenting this blocking.

The decision to block

The Ministry of Internal Affairs first requested to block access from the Ministry of Digital Development and Transport on December 1 on the grounds the channel violated media law [namely for failing to register with the State Media Registry] as well as the dissemination of discrediting information. The Ministry took the request to court. According to reporting by Meydan TV, “the trial proceeded without the presence or representation of Orujov or any member of the media organization. The court upheld the claim, resulting in the blocking of the outlet.”

Orucov remains in pre-trial detention. He is facing up to eight years in prison if convicted.

On December 2, Rufat Muradli, a news anchor at Kanal13, was also reportedly detained and sent into administrative detention. In addition to his journalism work, Muradli serves as a board member of the Azerbaijan Democracy and Welfare (ADR) party – the party’s chairman, Gubad Ibadoglu, has been behind bars since August 2023.

For further reading on the implications of the controversial Law on Media and the imposed registry, click here.

Editor of an online news site arrested [Updated February 24, 2024]

[Update February 24] The pre-trial detention period of Abzas Media journalist Nargiz Abusalamova was extended by another three months. 

[Update February 21] Kanal 13 director Aziz Orujov’s pre-trial detention was extended by another month.

[Update January 13] Police arrested another Abzas Media journalist – Elnara Gasimova. She was sentenced to pretrial detention on January 15, 2024, for a period of two months and 17 days. She is facing the same charges as the rest of the journalists from Abzas Media, and if found guilty, she faces between six months and eight years in prison and a fine. 

[Update December 4] Following the arrests of Kekalov, Vagifgizi, and Hasanli, three more journalists were arrested. Among them are Nargiz Abusalamova (Abzas Media reporter), Aziz Orujov (founder of online television channel Kanal 13), and Rufat Muradli (the host of the show on Kanal 13). There were also reports of a hacking attempt on Kanal 13’s YouTube channel. At least two videos were removed from the channel before Orujov’s brother could secure access to the account.

Abusalamova was questioned earlier as a witness in the investigation launched against Abzas Media. Still, authorities arrested the journalist on December 1 and sentenced her to three months in pre-trial detention. Speaking to journalists, Absalamova’s lawyer said the accusations were baseless, “The court argued that Absalamova can aid others involved in the case and hence, to prevent that from happening, her arrest was necessary.” 

[Update November 23] Mahammad Kekalov was also sentenced to three months and 27 days on the same charges. Kekalov’s lawyer, Rovshana Rahimli, told Abzas Media she finally had a chance to meet Kekalov on November 23. During the meeting, Kekalov refused to proceed with Rahimli. He told her he had already been assigned a state lawyer and that he had committed no crime and would continue working with the state-assigned lawyer. The meeting took place in the presence of a state investigator. Friends and acquaintances fear Kekalov made this decision under duress. This request was not granted despite the lawyer’s attempts to meet Kekalov without any state representative. “I was surprised to hear Kekalov’s decision. He knows me. And despite me telling him that his family hired me, he pressed with his decision. He was very calm when we talked. And he did not explain the reason why he decided to refuse my services.” In addition, several other journalists were questioned as part of the investigation on November 23 – Nargiz Absalamova, Sahila Aslanova, Mina Alyarli, and Elnare Gasimova. Ulvi Hasanli’s wife, Rubaba Guliyeva, was also questioned. 

[Update] Both Ulvi Hasanli and Sevinc Vagifgizi were sentenced by the Khatai District Court. Hasanli was sentenced to four months in pretrial detention, while Vagifgizi to three months and 29 days. 

[Update] Sevinc Vagifgizi, who was en route to Baku [on the flight from Istanbul] on November 20, was also detained at the airport, according to reporting by independent Meydan TV. Several Azerbaijani activists who were on the same flight with her told Meydan TV she was detained once the plane landed in Azerbaijan. In an interview with Meydan TV at the airport before boarding her flight to Baku, Vagifgizi said she is certain that Hasanli’s arrest is directly related to the investigative work by Abzas media on the corruption among companies owned by individuals related to the ruling family doing business in Karabakh.  Meanwhile, lawyer Zibeyde Sadighova told Meydan TV that Ulvi Hasanli is being charged with smuggling large amounts of goods or other subjects on preliminary arrangement by a group of persons [Article 206.3.2 of the Criminal Code of Azerbaijan]. On November 21, Vagifgizi was charged on similar grounds. According to Abzas media, Mahammad Kekalov, who writes about people with disabilities, was also detained on November 20. He was taken from his house against his will by plain-clothed police officers.

Abzas media also released an audio recording of Hasanli explaining what happened: “I was about to get into the taxi leaving my apartment, a car stopped in front of the taxi and a bunch of men showed up. They were all wearing masks. They called my name. I cannot recall at which point exactly I was hit. They took me there and brought me to the police station. We started arguing. Two officers hit me. Then the questioning began. They asked me why we [Abzas] did not write about Karabakh but instead wrote about corruption. “Aren’t there other problems to write about,” they asked me. The money [police claim to have found] was planted there, it is so obvious. Because of the place where they allegedly found it. It was in the hallway of the office, not even inside one of the rooms [clearly someone just dropped it there].” In a statement shared by Abaz media on their Facebook page, the platform said, “As Abzas media we inform you, that Hasanli’s detention, the search at his house and on the promises of the office, are unlawful. All that is happening is directly related to [Hasanli’s] journalism. We demand immediate release of Hasanli.”

The news of the missing journalist and editor of an online news platform Abzas Media, Ulvi Hasanli, started trickling on the morning of November 20. According to colleagues, Hasanli was en route to the airport when he went missing. The platform believes Hasanli’s arrest is over the platform’s series of investigations, exposing corruption within the government. 

In an interview with Turan News Agency, the platform’s editor-in-chief, Sevinc Vagifgizi said, “Ulvi left home at 4.30 AM and was headed to the airport. However, he never boarded the plane and has not been in touch since.” Vagifgizi added she suspected Hasanli was detained at the airport.

Az-Net Watch spoke to Hasanli’s lawyer, Zibeyde Sadishova, who confirmed that Hasanli was indeed detained, except detention took place at Hasanli’s home as he was getting ready to leave. The police searched both Hasanli’s home and the office of Abzas Media. In the latter’s case, police claimed they had discovered 40,000EUR in cash. Hasanli denied having any connection to the money. It is suspected police planted the cash during the search.

Meanwhile, the lawyer also confirmed that the home of Vagifgizi was also searched. The police did not find anything there. According to the lawyer, Hasanli was beaten by the police. 

Hasanli was most recently detained at the US Embassy in Baku when he filmed the flash mob organized by feminist activists in July 2023. A month prior, in June, Hasanli was questioned over a Facebook post that police asked he remove. In the post, Hasanli shared the pictures of two police officers who were in charge of detaining journalists covering an environmental protest outside of the capital. 

Since 2016, Absaz media has been targeted with DDoS attacks. In 2017, the website was blocked from access inside the country, forcing the website managers to switch the website’s extension. In April 2020, the website was hacked and, as a result, lost a month’s worth of published articles, and some of the headlines changed. The platform was targeted again in February 2021. 

hearing in the case of activist reveals, it was his social media posts that had him arrested after all

Afiaddin Mammadov, the coordinator of Azerbaijan’s Alternative Confederation of Trade Unions, was sentenced to two months in pretrial detention in September 2023. Charged with deliberate infliction of bodily harm and armed hooliganism (based on a bogus accusation by an unidentified man claiming Mammadov stabbed him with a knife) originally, based on the hearing on November 15, in which the court extended Mammadov’s detention by an additional two months, turns out it was his outspoken criticism on social media platform Facebook that landed him behind hars. 

Based on the reporting from the hearing by journalist Ulviyya Ali, the judge said, “I have seen your Facebook profile. What have you written there about the “one-day” war?” Mammadov said he wrote nothing about it. The judge then persisted, “Why did you write that President Ilham Aliyev has resolved the 30-year-old problem?” Mammadov after hearing this question told the judge, that he had criticized the president and his decisions a lot, and that he was certain the reason behind his arrest, was these previously written posts and comments on the social media platform and not him stabbing someone.  

Mammadov repeated over and over again that he committed no crime. And that no one, should be put on trial, for wanting peace.

This is not the first time an activist is accused of a crime he did not commit in Azerbaijan. The country has a long-running history of putting its critics behind bars, handing administrative fines, and using various tools of intimidation to silence its state’s critics. 

Mammadov is among several activists targeted since September.